Research Methods In Psychology: Evaluating A Wo...
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The journal selects two or more appropriate experts (psychologists working in a similar field) to peer review the article without payment. The peer reviewers assess: the methods and designs used, originality of the findings, the validity of the original research findings and its content, structure and language.
The most important lesson about being a wise consumer of psychological research is that, from a scientific perspective, all claims require evidence, not just opinions. Scientists who evaluate research claims behave like ideal jury members who are asked to evaluate claims made by prosecuting attorneys. They begin with the skeptical assumption that all claims are false (the defendant is innocent until proven guilty; the diet plan is ineffective; testosterone plays no role in aggression). Only after considering the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence relevant to a claim do jurors and scientists decide whether to accept the claims of those doing the claiming (prosecuting attorneys, advertisers, scientists). This decision to accept or reject a claim is best made by paying careful attention to the methods that served as the basis for a specific claim.
Behavioral scientists have hundreds of tools in their methodological toolboxes; two of these tools turn out to be much more important than any others. Understanding the nature and purpose of these two tools is thus the first step to becoming an educated consumer of psychological research. The two tools that lie at the heart of sound research methods are random sampling and experimental manipulation based on random assignment.
The list continues. Specific issues such as these aside, the two concerns that should come to mind first when evaluating any research claim have to do with proper sampling and proper experimental control:
Researchers usually generate many more research questions than they ever attempt to answer. This means they must have some way of evaluating the research questions they generate so that they can choose which ones to pursue. In this section, we consider two criteria for evaluating research questions: the interestingness of the question and the feasibility of answering it.
A second important criterion for evaluating research questions is the feasibility of successfully answering them. There are many factors that affect feasibility, including time, money, equipment and materials, technical knowledge and skill, and access to research participants. Clearly, researchers need to take these factors into account so that they do not waste time and effort pursuing research that they cannot complete successfully.
PSYCH 101 Introduction to Psychology (5) SScSurveys major areas of psychological science. Core topics include human social behavior, personality, psychological disorders and treatment, learning, memory, human development, biological influences, and research methods. Related topics may include sensation, perception, states of consciousness, thinking, intelligence, language, motivation, emotion, stress and health, cross-cultural psychology, and applied psychology. Prerequisite: null Offered: AWSpS.View course details in MyPlan: PSYCH 101
PSYCH 203 Introduction to Personality and Individual Differences (4) SScOverview of the major theories, research findings, and applications in the scientific study of personality. Covers research methods and approaches to measuring personality variables. Not open for credit to students who have taken PSYCH 303. Prerequisite: PSYCH 101.View course details in MyPlan: PSYCH 203
PSYCH 206 Human Development (5) SScTheoretical perspectives and research methods in child development with an overview of historical and current works. Includes prenatal and biological development, the development of cognitive, linguistic, and social and emotional abilities. Not open for credit to students who have taken PSYCH 306. Prerequisite: PSYCH 101.View course details in MyPlan: PSYCH 206
PSYCH 449 Organizational and Industrial Psychology (5) SScExamines research on human behavior in industrial and organizational environments. Topics include research methods, job analysis, the prediction of workplace performance, personnel selection and training, performance appraisal, group influences, job satisfaction, job motivation, leadership, and human factors. Prerequisite: PSYCH 101; PSYCH 209.View course details in MyPlan: PSYCH 449
PSYCH 470 Psychology and Music (5) A&H/SScIntroduction to the scientific study of musical behavior. An overview of current topics in the psychology of music from the areas of musical perception and cognition, musical development, music therapy, musical performance, and composition. Includes psychoacoustical and neuropsychological foundations, research methods, and some basic material in music theory. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 2.0 in either PSYCH 202 or NEUSCI 302 . View course details in MyPlan: PSYCH 470
PSYCH 481 Seminar in Advanced Quantitative Methods (3)Examines the role of statistical methods in psychological research. Issues and controversies surrounding null hypothesis significance testing. Review of selected alternative statistical methods in psychology. Prerequisite: minimum 2.0 grade in either PSYCH 315 or PSYCH 318.View course details in MyPlan: PSYCH 481
PSYCH 506 Core Concepts in Cognitive Neuroscience (3)Combines psychological models of information processing with research techniques in the biomedical sciences. Topics in vision, attention, memory, motor behavior, and language illustrate this integrative approach. Research methods include behavioral, single unit, lesion, and neuro-imaging techniques. Prerequisite: graduate standing in psychology, or permission of instructor.View course details in MyPlan: PSYCH 506
PSYCH 524 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis (4)Basic concepts of statistical theory and methods of data analysis. Emphasis on the integration of statistical theory, statistical computation, and psychological research methods. Required of all first-year graduate students in psychology. Prerequisite: concurrent enrollment in PSYCH 522, or permission of instructor. Offered: A.View course details in MyPlan: PSYCH 524
PSYCH 529 Advanced Research Methods (5)Surveys advanced clinical research methods not covered in the required statistics sequence. Examples include structural equation modeling, hierarchical linear modeling, growth curve modeling, and taxometric analyses. Hands-on experience gained through weekly assignments using each method. Prerequisite: PSYCH 525.View course details in MyPlan: PSYCH 529
Laboratory experiment Lacks ecological validityTask is unrealistic; does not reflect daily activity participants would doConnection of study to questionThe experimental method was used in this study because the researchers wanted to find a cause- effect relationship between the level of processing and memory recall.This would not be able to be done using other research methods such as surveys or interviews.
Now you know about some tools used to conduct research with infants and young children. Remember, research methods are the tools that are used to collect information. But it is easy to confuse research methods and research design. Research design is the strategy or blueprint for deciding how to collect and analyze information. Research design dictates which methods are used and how.
The answer to this question varies along multiple dimensions. Researchers must consider the number of participants they need and the financial resources available to them, among other things. Location may also be an important consideration. Researchers who need large numbers of infants and children may attempt to do so by obtaining infant birth records from the state, county, or province in which they reside. Some areas make this information publicly available for free, whereas birth records must be purchased in other areas (and in some locations birth records may be entirely unavailable as a recruitment tool). If birth records are available, researchers can use the obtained information to call families by phone or mail them letters describing possible research opportunities. All is not lost if this recruitment strategy is unavailable, however. Researchers can choose to pay a recruitment agency to contact and recruit families for them. Although these methods tend to be quick and effective, they can also be quite expensive. More economical recruitment options include posting advertisements and fliers in locations frequented by families, such as mommy-and-me classes, local malls, and preschools or day care centers. Researchers can also utilize online social media outlets like Facebook, which allows users to post recruitment advertisements for a small fee. Of course, each of these different recruitment techniques requires IRB approval.
Research as a discipline employs a wide variety of methods. While scientists conduct experiments, sociologists often conduct interviews and surveys. Archived texts and artifacts are what historians use. To collect data and test hypotheses, researchers may use primary research or secondary research.
Despite the differences between these two research methods, primary research vs. secondary research both provide advantages that support specific research objectives. These two forms of research help researchers achieve their goals, and both can prove to be helpful in ensuring that a study is well-researched.
Primary research can be done through various methods, but this type of research is often based on principles of the scientific method (Driscoll, 2010). This means that in the process of doing primary research, researchers develop research questions or hypotheses, collect and analyze measurable, empirical data, and draw evidence-based conclusions. If you want to understand more about conducting an empirical study, you can check out the guide on what is empirical research. 781b155fdc